TN PG TRB 2025 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Update:13-12-2024. Questions are being uploaded. Please check in a few days.

Unit I POLITICAL THEORY AND IDEOLOGIES

• Concepts: State, Sovereignty, Political Obligation
• Law, Power, Citizenship
• Human Rights, Liberty, Equality
• Property, Justice, Common Good, Democracy and Development.
• Approaches: Traditional, Behavioural, Post Behavioural
• Structural-Functional, Communication and Decision Making.
• Ideologies: Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism, Realism, Conservatism,
• Post – Colonialism – Marxism – Neo-Marxism
• Socialism – Fascism – Anarchism
• Feminism – Ecologism
• Multi-Culturalism –Environmentalism.

Unit II WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT

• Ancient: Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle.
• Medieval: St Augustine
• St Thomas Aquinas
• Niccole Machiavelli.
• Modern / Post Modern: Hobbes-Locke
• Rousseau
• John Stuart Mill
• Karl Marx
• Gramsci
• John Rawls.

Unit III INDIAN POLITICAL THOUGHT

• Evolution & Characteristics
• Vedic Polity – Concept of Dharma / Artha / Kama.
• Ancient Thinkers: Manu
• Kautilya
• Thiruvalluvar
• Mohammad Iqbal
• E.V. Ramasamy Periyar.
• Modern Thinkers: Swami Vivekananda
• Aurobindo
• M.K. Gandhi
• M.N. Roy
• Ambedkar
• Jayaprakash Narayan
• Jawaharlal Nehru.

Unit IV INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Introduction: Meaning / Origin and Evolution
• Theories: Idealism – Realism
• Liberalism – Marxism
• Constructivism – Global Justice
• Role of Modern State/ Nation & the concept of Nationalism
• Security – War Impacts (First-World War & Second-World War
• Cold War & Post-Cold War / Nuclear Weapons)
• Dynamics of Diplomacy (Types – Mechanism – Institutions – Modern Trends) 
• UN & its Agencies
• Regional Organisations (European Union / African Union / Shanghai Corporation Organisation / SAARC, ASEAN & BRICS).
• Contemporary Issues in Foreign Policy of India during the 21st Century
• Relations with Neighourhood (Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan)
• Russia, USA and European Union.

Unit V POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA

• Introduction: Making of the Indian Constitution
• Constituent Assembly
• Philosophy of the Constitution
• Constitutionalism and Constitutional Amendment.
• Features and Structure: Executive (President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers)
• Legislature (Union Parliament – Parliamentary Committees)
• Judiciary (Supreme Court, High Court, Judicial Review, Judicial Activism, Judicial Reform).
• Various Institutions and Challenges: Electoral Process and Election
• Commission of India – Local Government Institutions (Functioning and Reforms)
• Constitutional and Statutory Bodies (Comptroller and Auditor General
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
• National Commission for Human Rights
• National Commission for Women
• National Commission for Minorities

Unit VI POLITICAL PROCESS IN INDIA

• Introduction: State Economy and Development
• Planning and Development 
• Policies for Growth & Development
• Political Processes in Indian Politics: Reorganization of Indian State
• Identity Politics (Religion / Tribe / Caste / Region / Language)
• Ideology and Party Politics (National & State Parties)
• Globalization and its Dynamics
• Gender & Politics (Issues of Equality and Representation)
• Electoral Politics (Participation & Representation and Emerging Challenges)
• Role of Civil Society.

Unit VII PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

• Origin and growth: Concepts, principles and theories
• Classical – Bureaucratic – Scientific Management
• Human Relations – Ecological
• Features of Administration: Accountability and control
• Legislature, Executive and Judiciary)
• Human Resource Management
• Structure of bureaucracy, civil service at central, state and district level)
• Budgetary process – Committees – Tribunals.
• Issues and Challenges in Public Administration
• Ethics and Integrity
• New Public Management
• Issues challenges and changing trends in Public Administration.

Unit VIII GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS OF TAMILNADU

• Establishment of Madras Presidency and Dravidian Nationalism
• Non - Brahmanism, rise of Justice Party
• Growth of Dravidian identities and parties
• Self-respect Movement
• Formation of Dravida Kazhagam
• Role of government and its rise and decline
• Congress Regime - Rajaji
• State Reorganization
• K. Kamaraj – M. Bhakthavatsalam – DMK Regime
• 1967 elections – Formation of DMK
• Anti-Hindi agitations – C.N. Annadurai –
• M. Karunanidhi – M.K. Stalin
• AIADMK Regime: M. G. Ramachandran
• J. Jayalalitha
• O. Pannerselvam – Edapadi Palanisamy
• Other Political Parties and Issues: PMK–MDMK–DMDK–VCK–CPI–BJP–IUML
• Role and impact of Language, Cinema, Caste and Social media
• Policies and Politics from 1947 till date
• Welfare schemes, Social Justice programmes
• Committees and Commissions
• Sectoral policies and issues concerning the State & its relation with the Central Government

Unit IX MODERN GOVERNMENTS: (UK, USA & SWITZERLAND)

• Introduction: Establishment of modern constitutions and their characteristics
• Introduction to the State and the Government
• State and its Nature
• State and Government – Sovereignty
• Division of powers
• Unitary state
• Federal State
• Constitution and its classifications
• Written and Unwritten
• Flexible and Rigid
• Parliamentary and Non-Parliamentary forms of Government
• Types of governments: Presidential, Parliamentary
• Quasi-Presidential and Direct Democracy in the UK, USA and Switzerland (structure and function of Executive, Legislature and Judiciary)
• Nature of Political Parties & Electoral process: UK, USA and Switzerland.

Unit X PUBLIC POLICY AND GOVERNANCE IN INDIA

• Introduction: Concepts (public interest, public sector, output, development, economic growth, equity, government and governance)
• Theories (elite theory, group theory, political systems theory and institutionalism, policy output, incremental theory, rational choice theory)
• Features of Public policy in India
• Institutions and Policy Making in India
• Governance Structure (Right to Information
• Consumer Protection Act
• Citizen Charter / Grievance Redressal System
• Lokpal / Lokayukta – Panchayat Raj Institutions – System & functions
• Policy Governance in India: Instrument of Socio–Economic Development
• Centre and State Organizations and their Schemes/ Programmes/ Policies
• (Housing, Health, Drinking Water, Education, Food Security, Science & Technology etc).

TN PG TRB 2025 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Update:13-12-2024. Questions are being uploaded. Please check in a few days.

 Unit I PRINCIPLES OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

• Meaning of Motor Development, Motor Learning, Motor Control, Physical Growth, Maturation & Aging
• Theoretical perspectives in Motor Development – Newell’s Model of Motor Development
• Principles of motion and stability – Motor Milestones, Development of motor skills across the lifespan
• Motor Skills: Locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative skills, Movement concepts: Body, Space, Effort & Relationship
• Sensory perceptual development: Visual, Kinesthetic, Auditory and Intermodal perception
• Functional constraints in Motor Development

Unit II SKILLS, RULES AND REGULATIONS OF SPORTS AND GAMES (WITH REFERENCE TO RDG/BDG AND RD/BD COMPETITIONS OF TN GOVT.)

• Skills (Fundamental and Advanced Skills)
• Physical, Technical and Tactical preparation
• Rules and regulations – Duties of Officials
• Methods of officiating – Official Signals – Scoring
• Playfield dimensions, layout and marking – Equipment specifications
• Organizational Set-up – Qualification and Qualities of Coach

Unit III RULES AND REGULATIONS OF ATHLETICS (WITH REFERENCE TO BDS OF TN GOVT.) AND CHESS

• Athletics: Techniques – Physical, Technical and Tactical preparation
• Rules and regulations – Duties of Officials – FOP preparation –
• Equipment and implement  specifications, layout and marking of track (400m Oval and Short track) and field events - Organizational Set-up.
• Chess: Chessboard – Chessman – Values of Chessmen
• Capturing – Attack – Checkmate
• Technical and Tactical preparation
• Rules and regulations – Duties of Officials

Unit IV TOURNAMENTS, SCHEMES AND AWARDS

• Tournaments at School, College & University level
• Federation/Association tournaments at District, State, Regional, National, Asian and International Level
• Sports schemes of State and Central Government including SDAT and SAI
• State and National awards in Sports – Sports Hostel – Centre of Excellence
• Incentives for sportsperson at state and National Level
• Significant sports tournaments / trophies / sportspersons
• CM Trophy – National Games – Asian Games – Olympic Games/World Cup
• Organisational setup and functions of DSE, SCERT & DIET – Role of CIPE & DIPE

Unit V HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT

• Concept of Tests and Measurements – Purpose of Tests
• Measurements and Evaluation
• Domain of Human Performance
• Criteria for Tests Selection
• Norm referenced & Criterion referenced reliability and validity
• Developing knowledge based tests and Survey
• Components of Physical Fitness
• Assessment of Physical Fitness in Youth and Adults
• Sports Skills Assessment – psychomotor tests
• Psychological measurements – Sports Analytics

Unit VI GENERAL THEORY AND METHODS OF SPORTS TRAINING

• Principles of Sports Training
• Training load components
• Periodization in Sports Training
• Individualization and Adaptation in Training Programs
• Multilateral physical development
• Sports Specific Physical development
• Skill acquisition and Technique Development
• Tactical and Psychological preparation
• Recovery and Regeneration Techniques
• Strength and Conditioning Methods
• Endurance Training Strategies
• Speed, Agility and coordination Training
• Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation in Sports Training.

Unit VII EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND SPORTS NUTRITION

• Exercise Physiology: Development and aging of body systems
• Energy systems and metabolism – fatigue and recovery
• Body temperature regulation – Endocrine Responses to Exercise
• Cardiovascular Physiology – Respiratory Physiology
• Neuromuscular Physiology
• Sports Nutrition: Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats
• Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals – Fluids and Hydration Strategies
• Pre- Exercise Nutrition
• During-Exercise Nutrition
• Post-Exercise Nutrition and Recovery
• Nutrition for Athletes – Supplements in Sports Nutrition
• Nutrition Strategies for Weight Management and Body Composition
• Ergogenic aids – Doping

Unit VIII RESEARCH PROCESS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

• Meaning and Definition of Research – Need, Nature and importance of research in Physical Education
• Types of Research: (i) Basic, Applied & Action research, (ii) Analytical Research (Philosophical, Historical, Meta Analysis)
• Descriptive Research, Experimental Research, Qualitative Research
• Steps in research process – Formulation of hypothesis – Purpose of the literatures
• Variables and its types – Data collection tools in Research – Research Design
• Mechanism of writing thesis / dissertation – Method of Writing Research proposal, Research Synopsis, Research Paper & Abstract 
• APA format in Bibliography writing – Research ethics.

Unit IX STATISTICS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

• Definition of Statistics – Types of Statistics
• Data and its types (Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio)
• Variables and attributes
• Parametric and non-parametric statistics
• Measures of Central Tendency & Measures of Variability
• Principles of Normal Probability Curve
• Skewness and Kurtosis
• Type I & II Error- Level of significance
• Population & Sample
• Types of Sampling: Probability and Non-Probability sampling
• Concept of t-test, F-test & Correlation
• Graphical Representation in Statistics.

Unit X MODERN TRENDS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

• Biomechanical Analysis
• Stress Management Techniques
• Wearable Fitness Trackers
• Virtual Reality Training
• Data Analytics for Performance Enhancement
• Technological innovation in equipment, surfaces/play fields and coaching
• Sports and Games for Children with Special Needs (CWSN)
• Interdisciplinary Approaches
• Early Childhood Physical Literacy
• Thirumoolar Astanga Yoga
• Sport tourism

TN PG TRB 2025 ECONOMICS

Update:13-12-2024. Questions are being uploaded. Please check in a few days.

Test batch sample question papers

UNIT I MICRO ECONOMICS

• Theory of Consumer Behaviour – Cardinal and Ordinal approaches – Revealed Preference hypothesis – Hicks Revision of demand theory
• The Modern Utility analysis of Choices involving risk or uncertainty – Elasticity of demand – The concept of Consumers Surplus
• Theory of Producer Behaviour: Production Function – Law of Variable Proportions and Return to scale
• Production Function: Cobb-Douglas, CES – Technical progress – Least Cost Combination – The Theory of Costs
• Theory of Markets: Market structure – Concept of equilibria – Perfect Competition – Monopoly and Price Discrimination
• Monopolistic Competition – Oligopoly – Duopoly – Game theory – Non-cooperative games
• Factor Pricing: Marginal Productivity Theory – Product Exhaustion Theorem
• Theories of Rent, Wages, Interest and Profits – General Equilibrium Analysis
• Efficiency criteria: Pareto – Hicks and Kaldor
• Welfare Economics: old and new – Economics of information

UNIT II MACRO ECONOMICS

• National Income and Social Accounting: Concepts and Measurements
• Determination of Output and Employment: Classical and Keynesian, Post Keynesian
• Consumption and Investment Functions: Theories of Consumption Function – The Principles of Multiplier and Accelerator
• Interaction of Multiplier and Accelerator – Theories of Investment Function
• New Theories of Investment: Financial, Jorgenson and Tobin
• Macro theories of Distribution: Ricardo, Marx
• Keynes, Kalecki and Kaldor

UNIT III MONEY BANKING

• Theories of demand for and supply of money: Classical, Keynesian and Post-Keynesian approaches
• Components of Money Supply – High Powered Money – The Money Multiplier
• Theories of Inflation – Theories of Business Cycles
• Controls of Business Cycles – Inflation and Phillips Curve Analysis
• Functions of Central Banking and Credit Control – Instruments and Workings of Monetary Policy
• Different Currency Standards – Rational Expectations Hypothesis and its critique
• capital market and its regulations
• Role and Functions of Commercial Banks and Non-Banking Financial Institutions

UNIT IV INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

• International Trade and Economic Development
• Theories of International Trade: Smith, Ricardo
• Hecksher-Ohlin and Krugman
• Factor Price Equalization Theorem by Rybczynski
• Balance of Payments: Concept, Composition, Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
• Terms of Trade – Trade Multiplier
• Theories of Exchange Rate – Exchange Rate Policies – Foreign exchange market
• Optimum Currency Area – International Capital Movements – Free trade vs Protectionism
• Qualitative and Quantitative Restrictions – Trade policy for developing countries – GATT and WTO
• Regional Trade Blocks: EU, ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA, BRICS etc. – IMF and World

UNIT V PUBLIC ECONOMICS

• Role of Public Finance – Canons of Taxation – Principles of Taxation – Taxable Capacity
• Direct and Indirect Taxes – GST design – Implementation and impact of GST
• Theories of Public Expenditure: Musgrave, Wagner, Peacock and Wiseman
• Public Debt: Meaning, Theories and Methods of Repayment
• Budget: Procedures and types – Objectives and Instruments of Fiscal Policy
• Deficit Financing and Methods – Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal policy
• Principles of Federal Finance – Problems of Allocation of Resources of the Centre and State
• Fiscal Responsibility of the Centre and State – Finance Commission in India
• Local Finance in India – Sources of Local Finance
• Functions and Their Defects – Fiscal Correction and Additional Stimulus

UNIT VI ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Indicators of Economic Development: GDP, Per Capita Income
• PQLI, HDI and GDI
• Theories of Economic Development: Smith, Ricardo, Mark, Schumpeter and Rostow
• Balanced and Unbalanced, Amartya Sen
• Technical Progress: Embodied and Disembodied – Endogeneous Growth
• Models of Economic Growth: Harrod – Domar, Robinson, Kaldor, Solow and Mahalanobis
• Concepts and Measurement: Sustainable Development Goals, Poverty and Inequalities

UNIT VII ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY

• Environment as a public good, Market failures – Coase Theorem
• Cost Benefit Analysis and Compensation Criteria
• Validation of Environmental Goals
• Theories of Population – Concept, Measures and Features
• Population Pyramid, Fertility, Morbidity, Mortality, Aging
• Demographic dividend, Life Table, Migration, Urbanization

UNIT VIII INDIAN ECONOMY-I

• Features of Indian Economy – National Income in India: Measurement, Growth and Structure
• Economic reformation in India: Fiscal, Financial and Trade
• Challenges facing in chain Economy: Human capital formation, Unbalanced regional development
• Unemployment, Poverty and Inequality
• Agriculture in India – Land reforms – Green revolution
• Agricultural credit and marketing – Food Security – Reformation in agriculture
• Major Issues in Agriculture: Agrarian crisis, farm subsidies, food security
• Doubling farmers income and farmers’ suicide – WTO and agriculture
• Industries in India – Industrialization: Role, Growth, Pattern, Features and Performance
• Industrial Policies in the post independence era – Performance of Public Sector
• Disinvestment policy – Large Scale Industries and MSMEs in the transformative era (2014-15)
• Make in India, Startup India, Skill India – Special Economic Zones – Industrial Labour reforms in India
• Impact of GST and Demonetization on Unorganized and Informal industries
• Services in India: Foreign Trade: Composition, Direction, Balance of Payment Problems and Policies
• Financial Services in India: Commercial Banks, Money and Capital Markets
• Infrastructure: Transport, Energy, Telecommunication, Health and Education
• Fiscal System in India

UNIT IX INDIAN ECONOMY-II

• New Economic Policy: Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation
• Critical appraisal of pre and post liberalisation
• Planning Commission in India: Five Year Plans, Strategies, Achievements and performance
• Planning Commission vs NITI Aayog
• Rural Economy in India: Features, Problems and Challenges
• Rural Development: Meaning, Need and Policies
• Rural poverty and unemployment: causes and remedies
• Rural indebtedness: features, causes and remedies – Rural infrastructure
• Tamil Nadu Economy: Features, Growth, Structure, Performance and Models of development
• Major Challenges in Tamil Nadu Economy – Dravidian Model of development.

UNIT X QUANTITATIVE METHODS

• Collection of Data – Sampling methods – Organisation and Presentation of Data
• Measures: Central tendency, Dispersion and Distribution – Correlation – Regression
• Index Numbers – Time series and Analysis – Sampling distributions
• Theories of estimation – Testing of hypothesis
• Linear Regression models: Simple and Multiple
• Violations of assumptions of Linear Regression model: Autocorrelation, Heteroscedasticity, Multicollinearity and Misspecification
• Mathematical Economics: Sets – Functions and Continuity, Sequence, Series
• Differential Calculus and its applications – Integral calculus (Basic Techniques)
• Differential and difference equations with applications
• Linear Algebra – Matrices and their application in Economics
• Input-Output Model – Linear Programming Problems

TN PG TRB 2025 COMMERCE & ACCOUNTANCY

Update:13-12-2024. Questions are being uploaded. Please check in a few days.

Test batch Sample question paper

Unit I BUSINESS ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT

• Business: Meaning and Characteristics
• Forms of business organisation
• Business combinations
• Management

Unit II MARKETING AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

• Marketing
• Product
• Promotional methods
• Channels of distribution
• Retail management
• Recent Trends in Marketing
• Human Resource Management
• Employee Welfare

Unit III BANKING, INSURANCE, FINANCIAL MARKETS AND AUDITING

• Indian Banking System – Banking Structure in India
• Types of Accounts
• Digital Banking Services
• Insurance
• IRDAI
• Financial Markets
• Auditing
• Auditors

Unit IV BUSINESS LAW AND COMPANY LAW

• The Indian Contract Act, 1872: Introduction – Elements of a valid contract – Offer and Acceptance – Consideration – Capacity to contract – Free consent – Legality of object
• Void agreements – Contingent contract – Performance of contract – Quasi contract – Discharge of contracts – Remedies for breach of contract.
• The Sale of Goods Act, 1930
• Companies Act, 2013 -Formation of a Company
• Share capital and Debentures – Directors – Meetings – Company Secretary

Unit V ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

• Entrepreneurship
• MSME
• Women Entrepreneurship in India
• International Business
• Methods of entry into foreign markets
• Multi-Lateral Agreements and Institutions
• Developed and Developing Countries
• IMF-World Bank and its affiliates

Unit VI FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

• Introduction to Accounting – Accounting Concepts and Conventions – Indian Accounting Standards
• Accounting Equation – Double Entry System
• Journal – Ledger – Cash Book – Other Subsidiary Books
• Trial Balance – Rectification of Errors – Bank Reconciliation Statement
• Depreciation Accounting – Capital Expenditures and Revenue Expenditures
• Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors – Average due date – Account current
• Bills of Exchange – Accounts from incomplete records, Accounts of Not-for-profit organisation
• Partnership Accounts

Unit VII CORPORATE ACCOUNTING

• Issues of Shares – Bonus Issues – Sweat Equity Shares
• Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme – Buy Back of Shares
• Redemption of Preference Shares – Issue and Redemption of Debentures
• Underwriting of Securities – Profit Prior to Incorporation
• Valuation of Goodwill and Shares – Final Accounts of Companies
• Amalgamation: Merger and Acquisition – Alteration of Capital and Internal Reconstruction
• Corporate Financial Reporting – Consolidated financial statements

Unit VIII COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

• Introduction to Cost Accounting – Methods and Techniques of Costing
• Classification of cost – Materials – Labour – Overheads – Cost sheet
• Job Costing – Process Costing – Joint Products and By-Products
• Operating Costing – Contract Costing
• Standard costing and Variance Analysis (Material  and Labour only) – Activity Based Costing
• Introduction to Management Accounting – Functions and Benefits of Management accounting
• Analysis and Interpretation of Financial statements: Comparative statements
• Common size statements and Trend analysis – Ratios
• Funds flow statement, Cash Flow Statement as per AS 3
• Budgets and Budgetary control
• Marginal Costing and Break – Even analysis

Unit IX FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS STATISTICS

• Introduction to Financial management – Sources of finance – Sources of (National and International)
• Time value of money – Risk and return
• Cost of capital – Capital structure – Leverages
• Dividend policy – Working capital forecast
• Cash management – Receivable management
• Inventory management – Capital budgeting
• Introduction to Statistics – Sampling and sample designs
• Collection of Primary and Secondary data
• Measures of Central tendency – Measures of Dispersion
• Simple Correlation – Regression Analysis
• Chi-square Test – Probability

Unit X TAXATION

• Basic concepts relating to Income Tax – Residential status and Tax Incidence
• Scope of Income – Basic concepts of Income
• Income exempt from tax
• Income from salaries – Income from house property
• Profits and Gains from Business or Profession – Capital Gains
• Income from Other Sources – Clubbing of Income
• Set off and Carry forward of losses – Deductions from Gross total income
• Assessment of individuals – Return of income – Advance payment of tax
• Deduction and Collection of Tax at Source – E-filing of Income Tax Returns
• Introduction to Goods and Services Tax – CGST – SGST – UTGST – IGST
• Taxable Event – Consideration – Levy and Collection of GST – Exemptions from GST
• Place and Time of Supply – Value of taxable supply – Input Tax Credit
• Procedure for Registration – Goods and Services Valuation Rules – Tax Invoice
• Credit and Debit Notes – Payment of tax – Interest on Delayed Payment of Tax
• Furnishing of Returns – Default in Furnishing Returns
• Demand and Appeals – Authority for Advance Ruling – Settlement of cases

TN TRB 2025 GEOGRAPHY

Update:13-12-2024. Questions are being uploaded. Please check in a few days.

 Unit I PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Geomorphology:

• The origin of Earth, The Age of Earth
• The Earth’s Interior
• Rocks
• Mountain Building Process
• Cycle of erosion

Climatology:

• Atmosphere, Distribution of Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure
• Wind, Clouds, Precipitation, Air masses
• Cyclones, Climatic classification, Climate change

Oceanography:

• Relief of the Ocean
• Bottom Relief of the Ocean floors
• Ocean currents

Unit II HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Population Geography:

• Population
• Theories of population growth, Migration
• Population composition and characteristics
• Population of Tamilnadu

Settlement Geography:

• Geography of settlements, Rural Settlements
• Urban settlements, Urban Classical models

Agricultural Geography:

• Nature, Scope and significance of Agricultural geography
• Types of Crops

Urban Geography:

• Nature and scope of urban Geography
• Models of urban land use
• Concept of cities, Changing urban form, Urban issues

Transport Geography:

• Nature, scope and significance of transport Geography
• Nodes and links – Connectivity – Accessibility

Cultural Geography:

• Concept of cultural Geography
• Measurement of Human Development

Social Geography:

• Nature and scope of social geography
• Quality of life

Economic Geography:

• The significance of Economic Geography, Natural resources
• Industries

Political Geography:

• Trends and development in political Geography, Geopolitics
• Regional organisations of co-operations

Unit III GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT

• Contributions of Greek, Romans, etc.,
• Contemporary trends in Indian geography
• Major Geographic Traditions
• Perspectives in Geography

Unit IV REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

• Definition of region – Evolution – Types of region – Formal and functional region – Planning region – Need and types of regional planning
• Characteristics and ideal planning region – Delimitation of planning region – Regionalisation of India for planning
• Theories and models of regional planning – Growth pole model of perroux, growth centre model in Indian context myrdal, rostow and Friedman
• Village cluster – Changing concept of development – Concept of under development
• Efficiency – Explicity – Indicators – Economic, social and environment – Global pattern of development
• Inter-regional variation of human development – International – Interstate comparision of India – Geospatial technology of regional planning.

Unit V GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCE

• Natural Resource - Concept, Classification and Techniques
• Land Resources
• Water Resources
• Forests and Energy Resources
• Disaster
• Hazards
• Vulnerability

Unit VI GEOGRAPHY OF ENVIRONMENT

• Nature and scope of Environmental Geography
• Ecosystem
• Biogeochemical Cycle
• Biomes
• Biodiversity & threats
• Conservation of biodiversity

Unit VII GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

• Major physiographic Regions and their Characterstics
• Drainge system
• Indian Monsoon
• Soil, Vegetation, Water
• Mineral and Marine Resources
• Regional variation in Agricultral Development
• Population characteristics
• population policies in India
• Development and Pattern of Transport
• Internal and External Trade
• India Space programme
• Natural Disasters in India

Unit VIII GEOGRAPHY OF TAMILNADU

• Tamil Nadu: Location – Administrative units of Tamil Nadu
• Physiography: Mountains, Plateaus, Plains
• Climate: Seasons (South West, North East Monsoon, summer and winter)
• Rainfall: Cyclonic Rainfall – Distribution of Rainfall – Rivers of Tamil Nadu
• Soils: Types of Soil
• Natural Vegetation
• Distribution of Crops
• Cash Crops
• Livestock &Fisheries
• Distribution of Minerals and Industries
• Population
• Transportation

Unit IX CARTOGRAPHY

• Nature and scope of cartography
• Map projection
• Map compilation and design
• Map design
• Map making

Unit X TECHNIQUES IN GEOGRAPHY

• Definition of Remote Sensing
• Satellite data products
• Digital Image Processing & interpretation
• Data Models in GIS
• Data structure & analysis

TN PG TRB 2025 HISTORY

Update:13-12-2024. Questions are being uploaded. Please check in a few days.

HISTORY

Unit I HISTORY OF INDIA UPTO 10TH CENTURY A.D.

Sources of Indian History – Archaeological – Literary – Foreign Accounts – Pre and Proto History – Harappan Civilization – Early Vedic Age – Later Vedic Age – Formation of State – Urbanization – Mahajanapadas – Jainism – Buddhism – Rise of Magadha – Alexander’s Invasion and its impact – Mauryan Empire – Chandra Gupta Maurya – Bindusara – Ashoka – Mauryan Administration – Sungas – Satavahanas – Indo-Greeks – Sakas – Parthians – Kushans – Kanishka – Gandhara Art – Age of Guptas – Chandra Gupta I – Samudra Gupta – Chandra Gupta II – Administration – Art and Architecture – Literature – Education – Nalanda – Vikramasila – Valabhi – Invasion of Huns – Vardhana Dynasty – Harsha Vardhana – Hieun-Tsang’s Account – Chalukyas – Three Crowned Kingdom – Prathihara – Palas – Rashtrakutas – Second Western Chalukyas.

Unit II HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA UPTO 1565 A.D.

Arab Conquest of Sind – Mohammad-Bin-Qasim – Dahir – Impact of Arab Conquest – Turkish Invasion – Mohammad of Ghazni – Mohammad of Ghor – First and Second Battle of Tarain – The Delhi Sultanate – Slave Dynasty – Qutub-ud-din Aibak – Iltutmish – Raziya Sultana – Balban – Mongol threat – Khilji Dynasty – Jalaluddin Khilji – Alauddin Khilji – Malik Kafur Invasion – Tughlaq Dynasty – Mohammad-Bin-Tughlaq – Feroz-Shah-Tughlaq – Invasion of Timur – The Sayyid Dynasty – The Lodi Dynasty – Ibrahim Lodi – Administrative System – Socio – Economic and Religious Conditions – Art and Architecture – Vijayanagar Empire – Sangama – Harihara and Bukka – Saluva – Narashima Deva Raya – Tuluva Dynasty – Krishna Devaraya – Aravidu – Thirumala – Battle of Talikota – The Bahmani kingdom – The Bhakti Movement.

Unit III HISTORY OF MUGHAL INDIA AND

THE RISE OF MARATHAS

India on the eve of Babur’s Invasion – The First Battle of Panipat – Battle of Khanwa-Chanderi – The Battle of Ghaghra – Tuzuk-i-Babri – Humayun – Sur Dynasty – Shershah Suri – Administrative Reforms – Akbar the Great – The Second Battle of Panipat – Relations with Rajputs – Military Conquest – Administration – Religious Policy – Abolition of Jiziya – Ibadat Khana – Din-i-Ilahi – Jahangir – Influence of Nurjahan – Shah Jahan – NWF Policy – Aurangzeb – Military Exploits – Deccan Policy – Religious Policy – Socio- Economic condition under Mughals – Art and Architecture – Decline and Disintegration of the Mughal Empire – Rise of the Marathas – Early Victories of Shivaji – Administration of Marathas – The Peshwas – Balaji Viswanath – Baji Rao.

Unit IV THE COMPANY RULE IN INDIA

Advent of the Europeans – The Portuguese – Vascodacama – Francisco-de- Almeida – Alphonsa – de – Albuquerque – The Dutch – The Danes – The British – The French – Anglo-French Rivalry – Carnatic Wars – Dupleix – Robert Clive – Battle of Plassey – Battle of Buxar – Dual Government in Bengal – Warren Hastings – Administrative Reforms – Lord Cornwallis – Judicial Reforms and Permanent Land Revenue Settlement – Anglo-Mysore Wars – Hyder Ali – Tipu Sultan – Anglo Maratha Wars – Lord Wellesley – Subsidiary Alliance – Hastings and Establishment of British Paramountcy – William Bentinck and his Reforms – Ranjith Singh – Anglo Sikh Wars – Dalhousie – Doctrine of Lapse and his Reforms – Deindustrialization – Peasant and Tribal Revolts.

Unit V CROWN TO INDEPENDENCE

The Great Revolt of 1857 – Lord Canning – Lord Lytton – Lord Rippon – Socio-Religious Reform Movements in 19th Century India – Pre Congress Associations – Formation of Indian National Congress – Moderates – Partition of Bengal – Muslim League – Swadeshi Movement – Surat Split – Home Rule Movement – Rowlatt Act – Jallianwala Bagh massacre – Gandhian Era – Non- Cooperation Movement – Chauri Chaura – Swaraj Party – Simon Commission – Revolutionary Movements – Dandi March – Gandhi – Irwin Pact – Round Table Conferences – Trade and Labour Unions – Civil Disobedience Movement – Cripps Mission – Quit India Movement – Mountbatten Plan – Government of India Act 1858 – Queen’s Proclamation of 1858 – Indian Council Act of 1861– Indian Council Act of 1892 – Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 – Montague Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 – Government of India Act, 1935 – Indian Independence Act of 1947.

Unit VI POST-INDEPENDENT INDIA

Integration of Indian States – Role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – Republic – Constitution of India – Salient Features – Nehruvian Era – Economic Policy –Five Year Plans – Social Welfare Programmes – Foundation of Foreign Policy – Indira Gandhi Regime – Domestic Policy – 20 Point Programme – Declaration of Emergency – Janata Party – Resurgence of Indira Gandhi – Administrative Reforms – Coalition Governments – Mandal Commission – India’s role in World Affairs – Economic, Diplomatic and Military role – Indo- China Border Dispute – Indo-Pak Conflict – India’s Nuclear Capabilities – India and Common Wealth – India and NAM – India and UNO – SAARC – G-20 – BRICS.

Unit VII HISTORY OF TAMIL NADU UPTO 13TH CENTURY

Geographical Features of Tamil Nadu – Sources of the History of Tamil Nadu – Pre-Historic Tamilagam – Sangam Age – Three Ancient Kingdom – Cheran Sengutuvan – Karikala Chola – Pandya Nedunchelian – Socio – Economic Condition – Five Fold Division – Trade and Commerce – Kalabharas – Pallavas of Kanchi – Simhavarman – Mahendravarman – Narasimhavarman – Rajasimha – Nandivarman II – Pallava Chalukya Conflict – Art and Architecture of the Pallavas – Imperial Cholas – Raja Raja I – Rajendra Chola I – Kulothunga I – Administration – Economy – Kudavolai System – Maritime Activities – Art and Architecture – Later Pandyas – Maravarman Sundara Pandya I – Maravarman Sundara Pandya II – Jatavarman Sundara Pandya – Kulasekara Pandya – Accounts of Marco Polo – Art and Architecture.

Unit VIII MEDIEVAL TO CONTEMPORARY TAMIL NADU

Malik Kafur's invasion of Tamil Region – Sultanate of Madurai – The Vijayanagar rule in the Tamil Country – Nayaks of Madurai – Nayaks of Tanjore – Nayaks of Gingee – Sethupathis of Ramnad – Tamil Nadu under Marathas – Advent of the Europeans – British – French – Dutch – Poligar Rebellion – South Indian Rebellion – Vellore Mutiny – Tamil Nadu under British Rule – Tamil Nadu and Freedom Struggle – Early Nationalist – Radical Nationalist – Social Reform Movement – Congress – Rajaji – Kamaraj – Justice Party – Periyar and his Self Respect Movement – Anti-Hindi Agitation – Dravidian Parties – Dravida Kazhagam – DMK – C.N. Annadurai – Kalaignar M. Karunanithi – Emergence of ADMK – M.G. Ramachandran – J. Jayalalitha (AIADMK) – MDMK – PMK – Other Political Parties – Education and Empowerment of Women – Reservation Policy – Agrarian Condition – Irrigation – Industrialization – Information Technology.

Unit IX RISE OF MODERN WEST

Geographical Discoveries – Renaissance and Reformation – Enlightened Despots – Age of Revolution – American War of Independence – Industrial Revolution – Agrarian Revolution – French Revolution – Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte – Napoleonic Wars – Congress of Vienna – Metternich – Concert of Europe – Holy Alliance – Greek War of Independence – The Revolution of 1830 and 1848 in France.

Unit X HISTORY OF MODERN WORLD

Unification of Italy – Mazzini – Young Italy – Garibaldi – Count Cavour – Unification of Germany – Zollverein – Bismarck – Napoleon III – Crimean War – Young Turk Revolution – Balkan Wars – Russian Revolution – First World War – League of Nations – Rise of Dictatorships – Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Mustafa Kemal Pasha – Second World War – UNO – Cold War – Third World Countries and Non-Alignment – UNO and Global Disputes – Formation of European Union – End of Cold War.

TN PG TRB 2025 ZOOLOGY

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Test batch sample question papers

Unit I ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY

• Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa
• Structure and life history of Protozoa
• Canal systems in Porifera
• Structure and life history of helminth parasites
• Adaptive Radiation in Polychaetes
• Structure, affinities and life history of Minor Phyla
• Origin and outline classification of Chordata
• Origin, Evolution and general characters of Agnatha
• General characters and classification of fishes
• Origin, Evolution and adaptive radiation of Amphibia
• Origin and evolution of Reptiles
• Origin and evolution of Birds
• Origin of mammals
• Structure and functions of integument and its derivatives

Unit II ENTOMOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY

• Classification of Insects
• Beneficial insects
• Harmful insects
• Poultry farming
• Dairy farming

Unit III CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

• Cellular organization
• Organization of Genes and Chromosomes
• Cell division and cell cycle
• Structure and function of DNA
• RNA synthesis and processing
• Control of gene expression
• Cellular communication
• Cell signaling
• Cancer
• Programmed cell death

Unit IV GENETICS

• Mendelian principles
• Concept of gene - Modern concept of gene
• Extensions of Mendelian principles
• Sex determination in man
• Gene mapping methods
• Cytoplasmic Inheritance
• Microbial genetics
• Human genetics
• Mutation
• Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes
• Quantitative genetics
• Recombination
• Population genetics
• Animal breeding

Unit V ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

• System Physiology
• Blood and Circulation
• Cardiovascular system
• Blood vessels
• Respiratory Physiology
• Muscle Physiology
• Neurophysiology
• Sensory Physiology
• Renal Physiology
• Thermoregulation and Stress adaptation
• Endocrinology

Unit VI DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

• Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis
• Regeneration
• Human Reproduction
• Immunology
• Antibody molecules
• Primary and Secondary Lymphoid organs
• Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
• Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity
• Vaccines and immunization schedule
• Immune responses to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections

Unit VII ENVIRONMENT, CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

• The Environment
• Population Ecology
• Community Ecology
• Ecosystem Ecology
• Biogeography
• Biodiversity
• Environmental issues
• Environmental Management

Unit VIII EVOLUTIONARY PRINCIPLES AND ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

• Emergence of evolutionary thoughts
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution
• Paleontology and Evolutionary History
• Molecular Evolution
• Adaptive radiation, Isolating mechanisms
• Brain, Behaviour and Evolution
• Neural basis of learning
• Development of behaviour

Unit IX BIOPHYSICS AND BIOCHEMISTRY

• Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds
• Stabilizing interactions
• Principles of biophysical chemistry
• Composition, structure and functions of biomolecules
• Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation
• Principle of catalysis, enzyme classification

Unit X BIOSTATISTICS

• Collection of Data
• Classification of Data
• Presentation of Data
• Descriptive Statistics
• Measures of Dispersion
• Correlation
• Simple Regression
• Probability
• Inferential Statistics
• Student’s ‘t’ test
• Chi square test
• F-test and ANOVA

Unit XI BIOTECHNOLOGY

• Recombinant DNA technology
• Biotechnology in health care
• Microbial Fermentation Technology
• Animal cell culture
• Biodegradation and Bioremediation

Unit XII TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY

• Histochemical and Immuno techniques
• Biophysical Method
• Radiolabeling techniques
• Microscopic techniques

TN TRB PHYSICS

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TEST BATCH SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS 

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Unit I MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

• Dimensional analysis: Differential equation (ordinary and partial) – order of equation – Expressions for gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian – vector algebra and vector calculus – Gauss divergence theorem – Green’s theorem – Stokes’ theorem. Matrix: Cayley – Hamilton theorem, inverse of matrix – Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Polynomials: Hermite, Bessel and Legendre Functions. Special function: Beta and Gamma functions. Probability: Elementary probability theory – Random variables – Binomial – Poisson and Normal distribution. Complex variables: Analytic functions – Singular points – Cauchy’s integral theorem and formula -Taylor’s and Laurent’s expansions, poles, Calculus of residues and evaluation of integrals. Integral transforms: Fourier series and Fourier transform and their properties.

Unit II CLASSICAL MECHANICS

• Mechanics of particles and systems of particles: Constraints and Generalized coordinates, Law of conservation of Energy, Linear and Angular momentum, Conservative and Non-Conservative systems, Degrees of freedom, Holonomic – Nonholonomic – Scleronomic systems. Lagrangian Formalism: Lagrange equations of motion – D’Alembert’s principle – Applications (Simple pendulum, Atwood’s machine, Harmonic Oscillator, Electrical circuit). Hamiltonian Formalism: Hamilton’s equation of motion – Cyclic co-ordinates – Hamilton’s equation from variational principle, Principle of least action, Canonical transformation, Liouville’s theorem. Rigid body Dynamics: Euler’s angles – Moment of inertia tensor, Euler’s equation of motion – Symmetrical top, Special theory of Relativity: Inertial and Non- inertial frames, Lorentz transformation, Lorentz inverse transformation, Length contraction, Time dilation, Mass invariance, Einstein’s mass-energy relation.

Unit III ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

• Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law – Gauss’s law and its application. Laplace and Poisson’s equations. Magnetostatics: Biot Savart’s law – Ampere’s law – Magnetic scalar and vector potentials – magnetic susceptibility – Equation of continuity – Displacement current – Maxwell’s equations (free space and linear isotropic media) – Electromagnetic waves – Poynting’s theorem – Dielectrics: Retarded potentials – Polarization – Radiation from a linear antenna – Transmission lines and Wave guides.

Unit IV QUANTUM MECHANICS

• Failures of Classical mechanics – Black body radiation – Wave and particle duality – Postulates of Quantum mechanics – Wave function and properties – Expectation values – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle – Schrodinger equations (time – dependent and time- independent). Eigen value problems: Particle in a box (1D and 3D), Particle in a finite potential well & barrier, Tunnelling, Harmonic oscillator. Operators: Ladder operators, Angular momentum operator, Hydrogen atom, spin – Stern Gerlach experiment. Approximation methods: Variational principle, Time independent (1st and 2nd order ) degenerate and non-degenerate perturbation theory – Time-Dependent perturbation theory – Fermi’s golden rule, Identical particles. Relativistic Quantum Mechanism: Pauli’s spin Matrices, Dirac and Klein Gordon equation. Commutators. Scattering theory: Scattering cross-section, Scattering by a central potential, Partial wave analysis, Breit-Wigner formula.

Unit V THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

• Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences – thermodynamic system (closed and open) – thermodynamic processes (isothermal, adiabatic, isochoric, isobaric, isotropic) – cyclic process – thermodynamic potentials (U, S, G, H) – relation between them. Specific heat – equation of state – intensive and extensive variables – The P-V diagram – Carnot cycle and its efficiency – Entropy – reversible and irreversible – T-S diagram – Equipartition theorem. Phase space – micro and macrostates – Liouville’s theorem – ensembles – partition function – classical (MB distribution) – Maxwell’s distribution of velocities – Kinetic Theory of gases – Pressure exerted by gas – Mean free path – Mean – RMS and most probable speed – and quantum (BE & FD distribution) statistics – applications to black body radiation – Bose Einstein condensation.

Unit VI ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SPECTROSCOPY

• Quantum states of an electron in an atom – Hydrogen atom spectrum – Electron spin -Spin orbit coupling – Fine structure – Relativistic correction – Spectroscopic terms and selection rules – Hyperfine structure – Exchange symmetry of wave functions – Pauli’s exclusion principle – Hund’s rule – Periodic table – Alkali type spectra – LS and JJ Coupling – Zeeman, Paschen – Back and Stark effects. Principles of ESR, NMR, Chemical shift – Frank Condon principle – Born Oppenheimer approximation – Electronic, rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules, Selection rules.

Unit VII SOLID STATE PHYSICS

• Crystal Physics: Lattice, Crystal structures – Bravais lattices – Miller indices – Reciprocal lattices – Lattice Dynamics: Monoatomic, diatomic lattices – Theories of specific heat – Einstein’s and Debye’s model for lattice specific heat. Classical free electron theory: Drude model – Thermal conductivity – Wiedemann Franz law. Energy bands in solids: Energy bands in metals, insulators and semiconductors, E-k diagram – Density of states – Brillouin zones – Wave equation of electron in a Periodic potential. Semiconductor Physics: Types of semiconductors – Mobility – Carrier concentration of charge carriers – Bloch’s theorem – Kronig – Penney model. Dielectrics: Polarization Mechanism – Clausius – Mossotti Equation – Piezo, Pyro and Ferroelectricity. Magnetism: Dia, Para, Ferro, Anti-Ferro and Ferri magnetism. Superconductivity: Meissner effect – Type I and Type II superconductivity – BCS theory – Josephson effect.

Unit VIII NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

• Nuclear properties (size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity) – Binding energy, Nuclear force – Liquid drop model – semi – empirical mass formula, Shell model and Collective model – Deuteron, Ground state of deuteron – exicted state of deuteron – Meson theory of nuclear force – Yukawa potentials – Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays – Radioactive decay – Fission, Fusion – Chain reaction – Nuclear reactor. Elementary particles: Classification of elementary particles, Fundamental interactions (EM, Strong, Weak, Gravitational) and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc.) – Gell-Mann- Nishijima formula. Elementary particles – Classifications – Quark model, Baryons and Mesons, Parity non-conservation in weak interaction.

Unit IX ELECTRONICS

• Semiconducting devices: Diodes – Junction diode – Rectification – Zener diode – Light Emitting Diode. Junction Transistors: common base, common emitter and common collector configurations – Static characteristics – Transistors as amplifier and oscillators – FET, JFET, MOSFET. IC: Fabrication technology, Monolithic IC Processing. 555 Timer, Phase shift, Wien bridge oscillators. Operational Amplifier (IC 741): Op-Amp characteristics, Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers, Adder, Subtractor, Differentiator and Integrator. Digital techniques and applications: Flip Flops, Registers – Counters. Digital integrated circuits: Logic gates, NAND and NOR – Universal building blocks – Half and Full adder. Communication Electronics: Modulation and Demodulation (AM, FM, Phase), Transmitter and Receiver, Satellite and Fiber optic communication.

Unit X EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS

• Units and dimension of physical quantities – significant figures. Data interpretation and analysis, precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation of errors, Least square fitting. Measurement of fundamental constants – e, h, c – Detection of X-rays, gamma rays, Charged particles, neutrons. Ionization chamber – proportional counter – Measurement of e/m ratio – Measurement of Hall voltage, mobility and charge carrier concentration – measurement of resistance and capacitance in series and parallel.

TN PG TRB 2025 MATHEMATICS

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Test batch model question papers

Unit I - ALGEBRA

• Groups – Examples – Cyclic Groups – Permutation Groups – Lagrange’s theorem – Normal subgroups – Homomorphism – Cayley’s theorem – Cauchy’s theorem – Sylow’s theorems – Finite Abelian Groups.
• Rings – Integral Domain – Field – Ring Homomorphism – Ideals and Quotient Rings – Field of Quotients of Integral domains – Euclidean Rings – Polynomial Rings – Unique factorization domain.
• Fields – Extension fields – Elements of Galois theory – Finite fields.
• Vector Spaces – Linear independence of Bases – Dual spaces – Inner product spaces – Linear transformations – Rank – Characteristic roots – Matrices – Canonical forms – Diagonal forms – Triangular forms – Nilpotent transformations – Jordan form – Quadratic forms and Classification – Hermitian, Unitary and Normal transformations.

Unit II REAL ANALYSIS

• Elementary set theory – Finite, countable and uncountable sets – Real number system as a complete ordered field – Archimedean Property – Supremum, infimum, Sequences and Series – Convergence – limit supremum – limit infimum – The Bolzano – Weierstrass theorem – The Heine – Borel Covering theorem – Continuity, Uniform Continuity, Differentiability – The Mean Value theorem for derivatives – Sequences and Series of functions – Uniform convergence.
• Riemann – Stieltjes integral: Definition and existence of the integral – properties of the integral – Integral and Differentaition – Integration of vector valued functions – Sequences and Series of functions: Uniform convergence – Continuity, Integration and Differentiation.
• Power series – Fourier series.
• Functions of several variables – Directional derivative – Partial derivative – derivative as a linear transformation – The Inverse function theorem and The Implicit function theorem.

Unit III TOPOLOGY

• Topological spaces – Basis – The order Topology – The product Topology – The subspace Topology – Closed sets and limit points.
• Continuous functions – The box and product Topologies – The matrix Topology.
• Connected spaces – Connected subspaces of the real line – Components and local connectedness – compact spaces – Compact subspaces of the real line – Limit point compactness – Local compactness.
• Countability and separation Axioms – Normal spaces – The Urysohn Lemma – The Urysohn metrization theorem – The Tietze extension theorem.

Unit IV COMPLEX ANALYSIS

• Introduction to the concept of analytic function: Limits and continuity – Analytic functions – Polynomials and rational functions – Elementary theory of power series – Maclaurin’s series – Uniform convergence – Power series and Abel’s limit theorem – Analytic functions as mapping – Conformality arcs and Closed curves – Analytical functions in regions – Conformal mapping – Linear transformations – the linear group, the cross ratio and symmetry.
• Complex integration – Fundamental theorems – line integrals – rectifiable arcs – line integrals as functions of arcs – Cauchy’s theorem for a rectangle – Cauchy’s theorem in a Circular disc – Cauchy’s integral formula: The index of a point with respect to a closed curve – The integral formula – Higher derivatives – Local properties of Analytic functions and removable singularities – Taylor’s theorem – Zeros and Poles – The local mapping – The maximum modulus Principle.

Unit V FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

• Banach Spaces – Definition and examples – Holder’s inequality and Minkowski’s inequality – Continuous linear transformations – The Hahn-Banach theorem – Natural imbedding of X in X** – The Open mapping and The Closed graph theorem – Properties of conjugate of an operator.
• Hilbert spaces – Orthonormal bases – Conjugate space H* – Adjoint of an operator – Projections – Matrices – Basic operations of matrices – Determinant of a matrix – Determinant and Spectrum of an operator – Spectral theorem for operators on a finite dimensional Hilbert space – Regular and Singular elements in a Banach Algebra – Topological divisor of zero – Spectrum of an element in a Banach algebra – The formula for the spectral radius – Radical and semi-simplicity.

Unit VI DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

• Curves in spaces – Serret – Frenet formulae – Locus of centers of curvature – Spherical curvature – Intrinsic equations – Helices – Spherical Indicatrix Surfaces – Curves on a surface – Surface of revolution – Helicoids – Gaussian curvature – First and Second fundamental forms – Isometry – Meusnier’s theorem – Euler’s theorem- lines of curvature – Dupin’s Indicatrix – Asymptotic lines – Edge of regression – Developable surfaces associated to a curve – Geodesics – Conjugate points on Geodesics.

Unit VII DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Ordinary Differential Equations

• Linear differential equation with constant and variable co-efficients – Linear dependence and independence – Wronskian – Non homogeneous equations of order two and n – Initial value problems for nth order equations – Second order equations with ordinary point and regular singular points – Legendre Equations – Bessel’s equation – Hermite’s equation and their properties – Existence and Uniqueness of solutions to first order equations – Exact equation – Lipschitz condition – Non local existence of Solution – Approximation to Uniqueness of solutions.

Partial Differential Equations

• Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order Partial Differential equations – Classification of Second order partial differential equations – General solution of higher order partial differential equation with constant co-efficients – Method of separation of variables for Laplace, Heat and Wave equations (upto two dimensions only).

Unit VIII CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Classical Mechanics

• Generalised Co-ordinates – Lagrange’s equations – Hamilton’s Canonical equations – Hamilton’s principle – Principle of least action – Canonical transformations – Differential forms and Generating functions – Lagrange and Poisson brackets.

Numerical Analysis

• Numerical solutions of algebraic and transcendental equations – Method of iteration – Newton Raphson method – Rate of convergence – Solution of Linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss – Seidel methods. Finite differences – Lagrange, Hermite and Spline Interpolation, Numerical differentiation and integration – Numerical solutions of Ordinary differential equations using Picard, Euler, Modified Euler and Runge- Kutta methods.

Unit IX OPERATIONS RESEARCH

• Linear programming problem – Simplex Methods – Duality – Dual Simplex Method – Revised Simplex Method – Integer Programming Problem – Dynamic Programming – Non linear programming – Network Analysis – Directed Network – Max Flow Min Cut theorem – Queuing theory – Steady State solutions of M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited waiting space, M/M/C, M/M/C with limited waiting space, M/G/1 models – Inventory models – Deterministic models with and without shortages – Single Price break models.

Unit X PROBABILITY THEORY

• Sample space – Discrete Probability – Independent events – Baye’s theorem – Random variables and Distribution functions (Univariate and Multivariate) – Expectation and Moments – Moment Generating function – Characteristic functions and Cumulants – Independent Random variables – Marginal and conditional distributions – Probability inequalities (Tchebyshev, Markov, Jensen) – Modes of convergence, Weak and Strong laws of large numbers – Central limit theorem (i.i.d case).
• Probability distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Normal, Exponential, Gamma, Beta, Cauchy distributions – Standard Errors – Sampling distributions of t, F and Chi square and their uses in tests of significance – ANOVA – Large sample tests for mean and proportions.

TN PG TRB 2025 BOTANY

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 Test batch model question papers

Unit - I

• Algae
• Fungi
• Lichens
• Bryophytes

Unit II

• Pteridophytes
• Gymnosperms
• Paleobotany

Unit III

• Morphology
• Taxonomy and Systematics
• Economic Botany
• Medicinal Botany

Unit IV

• Anatomy
• Embryology
• Micro-techniques

Unit V

• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology

Unit VI

• Genetics
• Biostatistics
• Plant Breeding

Unit VII Plant Physiology

• Solute transport
• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Nitrogen metabolism and Secondary metabolites
• Plant Growth Regulators
• Stress physiology
• Biochemistry

Unit VIII

• Ecology
• Concept and dynamics of Ecosystem
• Environmental pollution and Management
• Biodiversity conservation
• Phytogeography

Unit IX Microbiology and Plant Pathology

• Bacteria
• Virology
• Plant Pathology

Unit X

• Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture
• Genetic Engineering

TN PG TRB 2025 CHEMISTRY

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TEST BATCH MODEL QUESTION PAPERS 

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit I

1. Chemical Periodicity
2. Structure and bonding in homo – and hetero-nuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules. (VSEPR Theory)
3. MO theory
4. Concepts of acids and bases
5. Non-Aqueous Solvents
6. Nature of bonding of Main group elements
7. Transition elements and coordination compounds
8. Coordination compounds
9. Inner transition elements

Unit II

1. Organometallic Compounds
2. Cages and clusters
3. Bioinorganic Chemistry
4. Nuclear chemistry

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Unit III

1. Basic principles of quantum mechanics
2. Approximation method of quantum mechanics
3. Atomic structure and Spectroscopy
4. Chemical bonding in diatomic
5. Chemical applications group theory
6. Molecular spectroscopy
7. IR spectroscopy
8. Electronic spectra
9. Chemical thermodynamics
10. Reversible and irreversible process

Unit IV

1. Classical thermodynamics
2. Statistical thermodynamics
3. Phase Rule
4. Colloids and Surfaces

Unit V

1. Chemical kinetics
2. Electrochemistry
3. Solid state
4. Solid state

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit VI

1. IUPAC nomenclature
2. Principles of stereochemistry
3. Aromaticity
4. Organic reactive intermediates
5. Common named reactions and rearrangements
6. Polarimetry

Unit VII

1. Organic transformations and reagents
2. Concepts in organic synthesis
3. Asymmetric synthesis
4. Pericyclic reactions
5. Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two heteroatoms
6. Biopolymers
7. Theory and spectral interpretations

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Unit VIII

1. Data analysis
2. Sampling
3. Separation Techniques
4. Thermo analytical techniques

Unit IX

1. Instrumental Analysis
2. Emission spectrometry
3. Mossbauer spectroscopy
4. NMR spectroscopy

Unit X

1. Nano Chemistry
2. Chemical Microscopy
3. Green chemistry
4. Environmental Chemistry
5. Supramolecular Chemistry
6. Medicinal chemistry

TN PG TRB English

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PG TRB 2025 ENGLISH

Test Batch Model Question Papers

• Unit I - ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM 1400-1600

  • Poetry

  • Geoffrey Chaucer - Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (The Book of the Duchess Chapter only)
  • Edmund Spenser - Prothalamion and Epithalamion
  • Sir Thomas Wyatt - Remembrance

  • Prose

  • Bacon - Essays Of Truth, Of Friendship, Of Studies, Of Adversity,Of Revenge and Of Ambition
  • Sir Philip Sydney - An Apologie for Poetrie
  • The Bible The Book of Job

  • Drama

  • Christopher Marlowe - Dr. Faustus
  • Thomas Kyd - The Spanish Tragedy
  • Ben Jonson - Every Man in His Humour

• Unit II - ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM 1601-1798

  • Poetry

  • John Milton - Paradise Lost, Book – IX
  • Andrew Marvell - To His Coy Mistress
  • John Donne - The Canonization
  • Alexander Pope - The Rape of the Lock
  • John Dryden - Absalom and Achitophel
  • Thomas Gray - Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

  • Prose and Fiction

  • Samuel Johnson - Life of Milton
  • Jonathan Swift - Gulliver’s Travels
  • John Bunyan The - Pilgrim’s Progress
  • Daniel Defoe - Robinson Crusoe

  • Drama

  • John Dryden - All for Love
  • Richard B. Sheridan - The School for Scandal
  • William Congreve - The Way of the World
  • Oliver Goldsmith - She Stoops to Conquer

• Unit III - ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM 1798-1850

  • Poetry

  • William Wordsworth - Immortality, Tintern Abbey, The Prelude - Book-I
  • Samuel Coleridge - Ode to Dejection, Kubla Khan
  • John Keats - Ode to a Nightingale
  • Percy Bysshe Shelley - Ozymandias, Adonais

  • Prose and Fiction

  • Charles Lamb - Essays of Elia, Christ’s Hospital,The South Sea House, Dream Children, New Year’s Eve
  • William Hazlitt - My First Acquaintance with Poets
  • William Wordsworth - Preface to Lyrical Ballads
  • Jane Austen - Sense and Sensibility
  • Emily Bronte - Wuthering Heights

  • Lyrical Drama

  • Percy Bysshe Shelley -Prometheus Unbound

• Unit IV - LITERATURE FROM 1851 TO THE PRESENT DAY

  • Poetry

  • Mathew Arnold - Dover Beach, The Scholar Gypsy
  • Robert Browning - Andrea Del Sarto
  • Alfred Lord Tennyson - Ulysses
  • W.B. Yeats - Byzantium
  • T.S. Eliot - The Waste Land
  • G.M. Hopkins - God’s Grandeur
  • W.H. Auden The Unknown Citizen
  • Ted Hughes The Thought Fox

  • Prose and Fiction

  • Thomas Carlyle - On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History Lecture III- Shakespeare
  • Mathew Arnold - The Study of Poetry
  • George Orwell - You and the Atom Bomb
  • Charles Dickens - Hard Times
  • George Eliot - The Mill on the Floss
  • Thomas Hardy - Mayor of Casterbridge
  • Virginia Woolf - Mrs. Dalloway

  • Drama

  • John Osborne - Look Back in Anger
  • Bertolt Brecht - Mother Courage and Her Children
  • J.M. Synge - Riders to the Sea
  • Caryl Churchill - Top Girls

• Unit V - PLAYS AND SONNETS BY SHAKESPEARE

  • Drama

  • Othello
  • King Lear
  • The Tempest
  • Measure for Measure

  • Sonnets

  • 18 - Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
  • 29 - When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes
  • 65 - Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea
  • 104 - To me, fair friend, you never can be old
  • 106 - When in the chronicle of wasted time
  • 116 - Let me not to the marriage of true minds
  • 129 - Th'expense of spirit in a waste of shame
  • 130 - My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun

• Unit VI - AMERICAN LITERATURE

  • Poetry

  • Walt Whitman - Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
  • Anne Bradstreet - Prologue
  • R.W. Emerson - Brahma
  • Robert Frost - Birches, Mending Wall
  • Paul Lawrence Dunbar - The Sparrow
  • Maya Angelou - I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
  • E.E. Cummings - The Cambridge Ladies
  • Charlotte Perkins Gilman - The Anti-Suffragists

  • Prose and Fiction

  • H.D. Thoreau - Where I Lived and What I Lived For
  • R.W. Emerson - The American Scholar
  • William Faulkner - Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
  • Toni Morrison - Beloved
  • Jhumpa Lahiri - The Namesake

  • Drama

  • Arthur Miller - The Death of a Salesman
  • Eugene O’ Neil - Emperor Jones
  • Tennessee Williams - A Street Car Named Desire

• Unit VII - (A) INDIAN WRITING IN ENGLISH

  • Poetry

  • Rabindranath Tagore - Gitanjali
  • Nissim Ezeikel - Goodbye Party to Miss Pushpa
  • Toru Dutt - Our Casuarina Tree
  • Kamala Das - An Introduction
  • Sujatha Bhatt - A Different History

  • Prose and Fiction

  • Jawaharlal Nehru - An Autobiography
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar - Annihilation of Caste
  • Mulk Raj Anand - Coolie
  • Kamala Markandeya - A Handful of Rice
  • Arundathi Roy The God of Small Things

  • Drama

  • Girish Karnad - Hayavadana
  • Vijay Tendulkar - Silence! The Court is in Session
  • Mahasweta Devi - Rudali
  • Mahesh Dattani - Dance like a Man

• (B) COMMONWEALTH LITERATURE

  • Poetry

  • Kath Walker - A Song of Hope
  • Banjo Patterson - Waltzing Mathilda
  • Wole Soyinka - The Telephone Conversation
  • E.J. Pratt - The Dying Eagle
  • Judith Wright - At Cooloolah
  • Abioseh Nicol - The Meaning of Africa
  • A.D. Hope - Australia

  • Prose and Fiction

  • Thomas King - Godzilla Vs Post-Colonial
  • Chinua Achebe - Things Fall Apart
  • Alan Paton - Cry, the Beloved Country
  • Patrick White - Voss

  • Drama

  • Wole Soyinka - The Lion and the Jewel
  • George Ryga - The Ecstasy of Rita Joe
  • Jane Harrison - Stolen

• Unit VIII - LITERARY CRITICISM

  • Aristotle - Poetics
  • Dryden - Essay of Dramatic Poesy
  • Coleridge - Biographia Literaria Ch. XIV and Ch XVII
  • T. S. Eliot - Metaphysical Poets
  • I. A. Richards - Four Kinds of Meaning
  • William Empson - The Seven Types of Ambiguity
  • Northrop Frye - The Archetypes of Literature
  • Cleanth Brooks - Irony as a Principle of Structure
  • Allen Tate - Tension in Poetry
  • Elaine Showalter - Towards a Feminist Poetics
  • Simone de Beauvoir The Second Sex

• Unit IX - LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS AND PEDAGOGY

  • History of English Language and its Growth

  • Indo – European Family and the Place of English language
  • Old, Middle and Modern English
  • Growth of Vocabulary from various Foreign Languages, Change in Meaning,
  • Influence of The Bible, Shakespeare, Milton and Dr. Johnson
  • Characteristics of Modern English
  • Spelling Reform and the English Lexicon

  • Linguistics

  • English Phonetics and Phonology (Vowels, Consonants and Diphthongs)
  • Morphology, Word formation and its different types
  • Semantics
  • Dialect and Idiolect
  • Grammar – Traditional, Transformational Generative Grammar and Deep Structure
  • Applied Linguistics

  • English Language Teaching (ELT)

  • History of ELT
  • Second Language Acquisition
  • Designing Syllabus
  • Materials Production
  • Language Testing and Evaluation

• UNIT X - APPLICATION OF LANGUAGE SKILLS

  • Phrases
  • Synonyms
  • Antonyms
  • Prefix and Suffix
  • Tenses
  • Voice
  • Parts of Speech
  • Homophones
  • Articles and Determiners
  • Identifying Sentence Patterns
  • Compound Words
  • Figures of Speech
  • Identifying and Correcting Errors
  • British and American English

TN PG TRB 2025 Computer Science

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PG TRB 2025 Computer Science

Test Batch Question Papers

• Unit I - COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

  • Number Systems
  • Boolean Algebra
  • Digital Logic Circuits and Components
  • Basic Computer Organization and Design
  • Programming the Basic Computer
  • Central Processing Unit
  • Input-Output Organization
  • Memory Hierarchy

• Unit II - DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

  • Database System Concepts and Architecture
  • Data Modeling
  • Normalization for Relational Databases
  • Constraints and Views
  • Transaction management and Concurrency control

• Unit III - SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM

  • System Software
  • Basics of Operating Systems
  • Process Management
  • Threads
  • CPU Scheduling
  • Deadlocks
  • Memory Management

• Unit IV - DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS

  • Data Structures
  • Trees and Graphs
  • Performance Analysis of Algorithms and Recurrences
  • Design Techniques
  • Graph Algorithms
  • Advanced Algorithms

• Unit V - DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS

  • Data Communication
  • Computer Networks
  • Network Models
  • Functions of OSI and TCP/IP Layers
  • World Wide Web (WWW)

• Unit VI- PROGRAMMING WITH C++

  • Language Design and Translation Issues
  • Elementary Data Types
  • Object Oriented Programming
  • Basics of C++
  • Functions
  • Class and Objects
  • Files and Event Handling

• Unit VII - PYTHON PROGRAMMING

  • Basics
  • Python libraries
  • Conditionals
  • Functions
  • Strings
  • Lists
  • Tuples

• Unit VIII - WEB DEVELOPMENT

  • HTML
  • Elements of HTML
  • CSS
  • Menu and Division
  • JavaScript

• Unit IX - PHP AND MYSQL

  • Basics of PHP
  • Functions
  • String Handling
  • Array
  • Working with file and Directoriesl
  • MySQL

• Unit X - CYBER SECURITY

  • Cyber Crime
  • Cyber Security Techniques
  • Password Management
  • Cryptography
  • Attacks