Friday, November 11, 2011

CAUSE AND EFFECT EXPRESSIONS

1. It will be too costly to relocate to a new site. Besides, the current lease still has fifteen years to run.
2. Another computer application which students find very convenient for their research is information available on CD-ROM.
3. Education is essential for the development of a human being. Furthermore, the level of skills and knowledge required continues to increase.
4. In addition to CD-ROMs, students tend to use a wide range of internet sources for their research.
5. Students need to develop basic word processing skills. Moreover, the ability to use spreadsheets and databases is becoming increasing usual.
6. An additional advantage to being computer literate is the use of e-mail to maintain contact with a wide range of friends and family worldwide.
7. Word processing, databases and spreadsheets.
8. With regard to computer availability at university for students, there is always going to be a shortfall.
9. The ability to use Powerpoint for presentations is also useful for university students.
10. Students' computer skills vary enormously. For example, some can use the most sophisticated software whereas others still have to learn keyboard skills.
11. An example of more sophisticated computing skills is being able to use a programming language such as C+.
12. There are many different computer programming languages. For instance, and Java are two that are widely used.
13. Sweden and Norway are both similar and different. In fact they share a long border and are both in Scandinavia, but there are many differences as well.
14. Norway in particular is different from other Scandinavian countries because it has extensive natural oil wealth to support its economy.
15. A country such as Norway can afford not to be a member of the European Union due to its significant oil wealth.
16. The temperature in both Sweden and Denmark is around 2 – 4º C in winter and 17 – 18º C in summer. In other words, they have very similar climates.
17. Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway all have extensive coastlines. That is to say they are all maritime nations.
18. Classes for this group are fixed on Mondays and Thursdays. Alternatively, if you transfer to another group ...
19. first point in the background to the topic is ...
20. Second, the literature review follows on from the discussion of the background.
21. Wellington succeeded at Waterloo because Napoleon made three errors. First ... Second ... Third ...
22. The research was complete. Then, out of the blue, a newspaper ...
23. The first task is a quality audit. Next in importance, is a ...
24. During the next three months we will require these three outcomes:
25. The target will not be achieved until all of the following have been completed: (1) ... (2) ...
26. Last in my list of recommendations ...
27. Before I start putting the academic case, let me begin by outlining several problems.
28. Since starting, the improvements I have made in my study skills have been amazing. Skills such as ... and ...
29. Finally, I would like to add a last point ...
30. Whilst (while) familiar with the above, we still needed to investigate ...
31. We need to remedy the defects found in stage 2. As soon as this happens, we can proceed to ...
32. The sea provides us with food. Meanwhile it also provides us with many leisure opportunities such as swimming and sailing.
33. In the last ten years oil consumption has doubled. As a result of this, the price of oil has risen steadily.
34. Unknown to us, the air-line had been blocked. Consequently the patient ...
35. Jones (1997b) reports his results were inconclusive and flawed. Thus the points I made earlier ...
36. Three of the previous groups had already covered the finance aspects thoroughly. For that reason, our study group decided to ...
37. Despite significant recent progress, the project is still falling behind schedule. The cause of this is ...
38. We do not need to consider this aspect further since it has already been covered by the following: (1) ..., (2) ..., etc.
39. ... the way the items were stored. As a consequence, several components ...
40. Scientists and engineers are already draining forest swampland. Therefore, there is the possibility of extending the amount of land available for food production in the world.
41. ... So, with this in mind, we should ...
42. The weather was always unreliable. Due to this, 'planes were frequently delayed ...
43. Many of my fellow students were unfamiliar with the technique. Hence our early examples covered ...
44. Much of this ... was due to patriotism. Accordingly, the ...
45. These improvements in health treatment have been taking place over the past twenty years. The effect of this ...
46. The imposition of this policy produced a fracture in the work force. The consequence of this fracture ...
47. ... relative to the points made earlier. Similarly, the ...
48. This is similar to the third point and notes ...
49. Not only does this result confirm the previous work, but also, it reaffirms ...
50. Two survey techniques have been employed in this report. Both of these
51. ... we need to consider the relationship with the state. Also we need to recall ...
52. ... so traditionally girls were educated in 'homecare' subjects. In comparison, boys were ...
53. ... in a gesture which suggested abduction rather than seduction. The same as early Athenian society, ...
54. ... and a viable future for cheap energy production. Correspondingly, this benefits the ...
55. Like many before them, these newcomers experienced the following problems: (1) ..., (2) ..., (3) ..., etc.
56. ... pretend not to notice what was going on. In the same way, the first…
57. As before, we can comment on these similar ideals.
58. ... On the other hand, we can consider the case of ...
59. I always felt good study skills would be useful in obtaining a good degree. But I never realised how much ...
60. ... and so the point is well made. Although it must also be said that ...
61. ... While the previous point is valid, we also have to consider ...
62. ... Despite this obvious point, we also need to discuss ...
63. ... Unlike the previous case study, we also need to ...
64. ... could have exerted influence from a position of power and money. Instead she chose to ...
65. ... Even though these points are noted, there are still additional ...
66. ... Nevertheless, an additional case could be made for ...
67. ... Nonetheless, each case study required quite significant input ...
68. ... Dissimilar points can also be made for ...
69. ... Conversely, we also need to consider ...
70. ... Notwithstanding the points made earlier, we do need to challenge the belief that ...
71. The amount of land that can support human life has not yet been exhausted. On the contrary, there are significant areas still to be developed.
72. Many people believe that nuclear power will solve our energy problem. However others believe that nuclear power is too dangerous as a weapon of mass destruction and as a threat to the environment to be used for supplying energy.
73. Whereas the previous section considered ..., this section considers ...
74. Glazier (1998) had considered all such work irrelevant. In spite of this, Lawrence (2000) still undertook ...
75. ... This is different from the expected result in several ways. Firstly ..., secondly ..., etc.
76. Webster (1999) has been known to differ from this point, in that he notes ...
77. The earth is suffering from over-population, resource depletion, pollution and the danger of inter-group warfare. In brief, there are still many problems for society to tackle.
78. ... In short, the point can be summarised as ...
79. In conclusion, linking words are essential for improving the coherence of academic language in both writing and speaking.
80. ... To sum up, we need to consider the following ...
81. ... To conclude, the benefits of this approach are best met by ...
82. Overall, the case can be summed up by ...